Mcdonald Business Environment - 906 Words

Introduction McDonald Corporation is the world’s largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurant. There are over 30,000 McDonald’s restaurants in more than 100 countries and served an average of 50 million customer daily. A McDonald restaurant is operated by either a franchisee or by the corporation itself. The very first McDonald was open in Singapore in 1979 and today there are over 120 McDonald restaurants across the island which served 1.2 million customers weekly. McDonald employs around 9,000 employees to keep their restaurant running across the island. (McDonald’s Company Profile, 2012) PEST ANALYSIS Pest analysis is a scan of external marco-environment in which a business operates and can be describe in terms of Political,†¦show more content†¦All this economic factors plays a part in the operation and management of McDonalds. Social Factors Singapore is facing an aging population and the annual growth is on the rise. The old age support ratio for person age 20-64 years per elderly aged 65 years and over is falling every year. (Department of Statistics Singapore, 2012) It will probably be harder for fast food employer like McDonalds to hire young workers as the fast food industry tend to employ young people to reflect their dynamics. The social trend is also changing; there is an increase trend towards consumption of more processed food and the use of western style fast food restaurants. Technological Factors McDonalds generates a demand for their own products and the company key tool for marketing is by means of television advertisements. There are some claims that McDonalds are inclined to interest the younger populations more with the existence of play spots as well as toys for happy meals and kid’s meal offered by the company. And since drive-thru service represents a huge portion of corporate sales for many chains, the focus is primarily on the use of technology to assemble orders, collect payment, and deliver food by delive ry service. Being able to offer their product 24 hours a day is also a key point for them on the capture of market share. Not forgetting their online order system which enables customers to place order and get them delivered to them in a very convenient way. TheShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Business Environment at Mcdonalds2230 Words   |  9 PagesPage: Table of Contents Contents Page: 2 Introduction 3 Choosing an Organization 3 Brief introduction to McDonalds 4 Aims of the Report 4 SAFE Framework 5 Strategic option 1 6 Frozen Foods 6 Strategic Option 2 11 McDonalds in a Supermarket 11 Strategic Option 3 15 McCafe 15 Conclusion 19 References 20 Appendices 21 Introduction Choosing an Organization McDonalds was chosen to be the organization as a group decision. The reason being that it was an organization recognizedRead MoreMcdonald s The Best Food Retail Brand Of The World Essay1222 Words   |  5 PagesSumanpreet Introduction McDonald is one of the best food retail brand in the world. McDonald have almost 35000 locations worldwide and caters approximately 70 million consumers. Most of the McDonald outlets are independently owned by local business persons. McDonald has been providing sustainable supply chain to ensure benefit to its supplier as well as distributors to maximise profit.in addition to this MacDonald continuously working with charity foundations and provide sponsorships for events toRead MoreMcdonald s Strength And Weakness1280 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract McDonalds is considered to be the world’s largest and most globally known fast food restaurant, which serves approximately 69 million consumers daily. This report will evaluate McDonald’s strength and weakness in terms of their ethical claims. The main aim of this report is to consider the reasons why McDonalds has been criticized by most of its consumers in terms of its pollution to its environment and the destruction natural rain forest, furthermore this report will discuss the nutritionRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Mcdonald s The World s Largest Chain Of Hamburger Fast Food Restaurants1014 Words   |  5 Pagesthis statement. CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) is a form of self-regulation integrated into a business model whereby companies and enterprises consider the interest of society by taking responsibility of many objects such as employees, shareholders, customers, even communities and environment. President CEO of McDonald s corporation Mr.Don Thompson has stated : â€Å"We realise that our business and responsibilities to society are inextricably linked.† In fact, this firm has worked diligentlyRead MorePestle Analysis Of Mcdonalds1628 Words   |  7 PagesPESTLE analysis PESTLE is the analysis of the factors that could affect a business on a macro level. McDonalds franchise strategizes issues identified in this PESTLE analysis. The PESTLE analysis model determines the different external factors that offers opportunities or threats to the business based on its macro-environment. In the global fast food restaurant market, McDonalds is focused on economic and sociocultural factors. Nonetheless, the company’s success is indicative of its effective strategiesRead MoreHuman Resource Planning and Development Leads to Success Essay examples1396 Words   |  6 Pagesconcept can be attributed to the establishment of apprenticeship programs in the 18th Century (Werner DeSimone, 2011, p.5). The significance of human resource development in today’s business environment is attributed to its role in organizational profitability. Human resource planning involves the use of business activities to forecast how management strategy changes will impact human resource needs in the future. On the contrary, human resource development activities help an organization to ensureRead MoreMcdonalds Porters Five Forces Model Essay1184 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysing McDonalds (fast food outlets) using Porters 5 Forces model – sometimes called the Competitive Forces model. Introduction McDonalds Canada opened in 1967, thirteen years after McDonalds had taken the United States by storm. This was the first restaurant to be opened outside of the United States. It was in 1965 that McDonalds went public and offered shares on Wall Street. Since then it has been important for McDonalds to continually monitor its performance, to make sure it is competitiveRead MoreEssay about Organizational Structure- Mgt/2301127 Words   |  5 Pages The central thesis of this paper examines the organizational structures of McDonalds, Burger King, and Wendy’s food restaurants. It will examine the comparison and contrast of the organizational structure of McDonalds with Burger King, and Wendy’s Corporations. What functions influence McDonalds, and explains how the organizational design helps determine the structure that best suits McDonalds needs, as a business. Organizational Structure Burgers are one of the most favored junk foodsRead MoreThe Marketing Environment, Consumer Markets, The Worlds Largest Fast Food Chain And His Presence1214 Words   |  5 Pagesorganization as McDonalds. I will make particular reference of the marketing environment, consumer markets, market segmentation and the importance of the role of the marketing mix. In addition, I will focus on the concepts of marketing in terms of supporting their brand standards. McDonalds is known as the world s largest fast food chain and his presence is global. McDonald s has over 25,000 restaurants in the world., The organization, founded in 1940 by Richard and Maurice McDonald, has now operatingRead MoreMcdonald s Of New Zealand Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesCompany Background And History Here I choose a McDonald s of New Zealand for my assignment. I choose this organization because it is very up growing organization of New Zealand. The biggest reason for choosing this organization is that because I am working here and I know much more about that. It all began in the USA in 1954 with a milkshake machine salesman named Ray Kroc. Ray received an order from the McDonald brothers hamburger outlet in California. He was fascinated by their operation - the

Paris with You - Poem Revision Notes - 1907 Words

‘In Paris with You’ by James Fenton Learning objectives: - AO1: respond to texts critically and imaginatively, select and evaluate textual detail to illustrate and support interpretations. - AO2: explain how language, structure and form contribute to writers’ presentation of ideas, themes and settings. Pre-reading activity: 1. What do you associate with Paris? For example, you might think of the Eiffel Tower, fancy restaurants, or the Stade de France. Try to think of at least three more – you don’t only have to think of places. ↠ ______________________________________ ↠ ______________________________________ ↠ ______________________________________ 2. What sorts of places†¦show more content†¦Who is the voice speaking to? Is the voice in the poem Fenton’s, and does it matter either way? What do you think will happen to the people in the poem? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TASK ( Imagine you are a presenter on a TV show that specialises in literature and the arts. James Fenton has been booked for an interview to discuss his poetry. Come up with five questions you would like to ask him about this poem and his work in general. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Poetry detectives ( Work in pairs to makeShow MoreRelated Biography of Ernest Hemingway Essay3737 Words   |  15 PagesBiography of Ernest Hemingway Certainly there is no hunting like the hunting of man and those who have hunted armed men long enough and liked it, never really care for anything else thereafter. You will meet them doing various things with resolve, but their interest rarely holds because after the other thing ordinary life is as flat as the taste of wine when the taste buds have been burned off your tongue. (On the Blue Water in Esquire, April 1936) A legendary novelist, short-storyRead MoreIntroduction to Rizal Course11998 Words   |  48 Pageshis mother as his critic. The young Rizal also showed his flair in sketching, painting, sculpture, and literature. At eight (8) years old, he was able to writ his first poem. This poem entitled by historians as â€Å"Sa Aking Mga Kababata† or â€Å"To My Fellow Children† since this poem was not given any title by Rizal. This poem reveals that Rizal had a concept of nationalism even at a young age. As a young boy, Rizal witnessed how his town mates were abused, treated badly by the Spanish officialsRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesa ranch and mines, Jim expressed contempt for black Americans who continued to submit to segregation and live in poverty. Langston Hughes, 1933 (Library of Congress) Langston was not ashamed of being a black American. He had already written poems celebrating his heritage. He felt connected to the oppressed brown people of the world and hated his father for mistreating his Mexican employees. Witnessing his fathers tyranny made Langston sick enough to require hospitalization. By the endRead MoreFactors Affecting Literature Teaching and Learning in Secondary Schools in Uganda19646 Words   |  79 Pagesstaff, students and colleagues of English and Literature in English class at Kisubi Brothers University College. I appreciate the collaboration of my dearest informants whose interest has enabled me complete this research in record time! May God reward you all. TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION ii APPROVAL iii DEDICATION iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS v CHAPTER ONE 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Background of the Study 1 1.1.1 Historical Perspective 1 1.1.2 TheoreticalRead MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 Pagesaccomplishments, though you may use ―Iâ€â€" and include a personal anecdote or two, while a personal statement includes more autobiographical material and may be written as a personal narrative. A quality statement of purpose will distinguish you from the other 150 to 400 applicants competing for the 10 to 20 spots in an average- to large-sized graduate program (―Preparing Your Statement of Purpose Personal Statementâ€â€"). You can achieve your goal by ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Convincing readers you researched and selectedRead MoreASAM 5 Notes Essay6590 Words   |  27 Pagesliterature? Like minority, literature is another word with multiple meanings. Every indication is as a society, we read fewer and fewer book. We play more video games, we see more movies, we are too distracted. In some ways, a class like this is to remind you why fiction novels and short stories are worthy of your time What is literature A James woods: Fiction is a creaseless experiment with uncollectable data An attempt to order data with the use of story Allows us to see the wholeness of a life weRead Morepreschool Essay46149 Words   |  185 PagesCurriculum and Instruction Branch; Camille Maben, Director, Child Development Division; Cecelia Fisher-Dahms, Administrator, Quality Improvement Office; Desiree Soto, Consultant, and Laura Bridges, Consultant, Child Development Division; for ongoing revisions and recommendations. During the lengthy development process, many CDE staff members were involved at various levels. Additional thanks are extended to members of the Child Development Division: Michael Jett,* Gwen Stephens,* Gail Brodie, SyRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesAttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning or its author endorse you or your use of the work). (2) Noncommercial You may not use this work for commercial purposesRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesagreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Edmonds, Ennis Barrington. Rastafari : from outcasts to culture bearers / Ennis Barrington Edmonds. p. cm. IncludesRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesorganization theory the book increases the understanding of a field that in recent years has become ever more fragmented. Organization theory is central to managing, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational

Essay on Social Cognitive Developmental Frameworkd

Purpose: To explain the social cognitive developmental framework to audiences of social, cognitive, developmental and clinical psychology. As well as give an in depth example of parenting praise, effects on children’s theories of achievement motivation and the implications of these frameworks. Social cognitive development is a field which focuses on how mental representations and mental processes relevant to social development change across development. It also includes the study of how the mental representations mediate or moderate the impact of antecedents and children’s outcomes. From a social cognitive developmental standpoint, the methods of both social and cognitive fields limit the approach one can take to the research, thus a†¦show more content†¦The cognitive development work currently focuses on how cognition operates in infants and children and how the cognitive abilities arise. Usually these studies occur in controlled lab environments, where the formation of mental representations can be observed when the children confront specific objects and events. Typically research focuses on the analyses of mental processes and looks closely at mental representations (Olson and Dweck, 2008). While cognitive developmentalists have shown some interest in s ocial phenomenon, they often do not look at the social representations. Usually research does not focus on child differences, different mental representation, and the implications for children’s well-being. This perspective could benefit from a social cognitive perspective. Social cognitive development is not a new topic (e.g. Wimmer Perner, 1983, Dweck Elliott, 1983). There have been several prominent theories and books, although it is not seen as one of the dominant approaches in developmental psychology. Developmental psychology has suffered in some ways due to the fragmentation of the field. One unifying way to address development is by looking at it from a social cognitive perspective. Social cognitive development focuses on the relationship between antecedents, mental representations and outcomes. Olson and Dweck (2008) developed four goals that can serve as a framework. The first goal is to find and measure a social cognitive mental

The Myelin Sheath And Its Effects On The Human Body

Introduction Multiple Sclerosis, or MS, is a disease where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath surrounding axons of neurons in the Central Nervous System (CNS). In severe cases, Multiple Sclerosis can break down the nerves themselves. This leads to communication problems within the brain and between the brain and the rest of the body (Mayo Clinic.) The myelin sheath is an insulator- it surrounds and nourishes the axons. Exposing small points called the Nodes of Ranvier. The combination of the nodes and sheath is meant to speed up signal sent by that neuron (Morell, Pierre.) Damage to the sheath, causes the electrical signal to be drastically slowed down, leading to harmful effects in the human body. Symptoms vary widely depending on which nerves the disease affects. Symptoms range from nominal mobility issues to complete dysfunction (Mayo Clinic.) The damaged myelin and nerve fibers are replaced with scar tissue- called sclerosis- which is where the disease gets its name. While many scientists believe Multiple Sclerosis to be an autoimmune disease, the exact proteins that trigger the immune response of MS are unknown. Because of this, the il lness is considered to be an immune mediated disease, but this may change in the future (National Multiple Sclerosis Society.) Etiology While the progressive neurological symptoms of MS have been observed in patients through medical history, it wasn t until 1868 that it was given a name and defined by Jean-Martin CharcotShow MoreRelatedMultiple Sclerosis And The Central Nervous System1605 Words   |  7 Pagescollectively known as the central nervous system. Multiple sclerosis evolves gradually throughout time and is considered to be auto-immune, which means the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues that are supposed to be within the body. According to Medscape, symptoms consist of, but are not limited to, sexual problems, ataxia (the inability to control certain muscle movements as defined by Tortora and Derrickson), fatigue, and optic neuritis. Multiple sclerosis is characterizedRead MoreEvaluation Of A Case Study1571 Words   |  7 Pagesconfirm the client diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis. Researchers have concluded that Multiple Sclerosis occurs whereby the patient’s own imm une system attacks the protein that is found in the myelin sheath and this result in the demyelination of the myelin sheath. So when there is lost of myelin in one’s body, blocking of the action potential propagation occurs and this lead to the patient to experience the sign and symptoms, the client physical weakness especially balance and coordination in herRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Multiple Sclerosis1107 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstand and am aware of the disease because the actual cause of the disease in still a mystery. The environment and our genes could play a role in contributing to the disease. As discussed in class, from the Human Anatomy and Physiology 9th edition by Marieb and Hoehn (2013), our bodies have billions of neurons, also called as nerve cells. Every neurons contains something called dendrites, which looks like branches, and an axon joined by the axon hillock. The dendrites are part the receives theRead MoreInformation Can Control Behavior Without Creating A Conscious Sensation1231 Words   |  5 Pagesnervous system. Dualism meaning two, is the belief that mind and body are separate. Desacretes (Dualist) believed without interchange that the mind and body functioned separately. Behavioral neuroscientist take the Monistic approach to study human nature, they believe that brain and the mind are basically the same thing. Most individuals believe that once you learn the working of the human body and nervous system the mind and body issue will be answered. It’s subjective, some people feel â€Å"I thinkRead MoreNotes On The And Its Effects On Body And Body Essay1620 Words   |  7 Pagesbegins in the medial or center portions of the body and gradually moves outward to the extremities or appendages. I think that this concept is interesting because infants have motor control of their arms, but struggle using their hands and fingers until they are a little older. It is not a deficit of any kind, but simply a step in their developmental growth. 2. Myelination (p.93): Myelination is an essential part to having healthy working neurons in your body and in your brain. Myelination is the processRead MoreIsolation And Isolation Of Frankenstein By Mary Shelley1656 Words   |  7 Pagesalone and isolated. The creature becomes very lonely and angry toward his creator. He then vows to make Victor’s life miserable for creating, abandoning, and isolated him. (Shelley) Isolation not only has grave effects on the monster’s human interaction and social development, but on humans, too. Isolation can cause someone to be or become emotionally unstable. In the book Frankenstein, Victor creates a creature that comes to life, and he later abandons the creature. The creature then becomes isolatedRead MoreFormalin-Prepared Optic Nerves : Case Study1422 Words   |  6 Pages ll Formalin- prepared optic nerves (ON) was mainly used as the materials and sources of information in the study. To identify the human ON areas where demyelination has occurred, Jennings and Caroll used luxol fast blue (LFB) and hamatoxylin and eosin. Cat ON, on the other hand, were stained with toluidine to distinguish the myelin sheaths in preparation for electron microscopy processing. After this, immunohistochemistry was effectually conducted in order to differentially mark the neurogliaRead MoreWhat Makes Multiple Sclerosis Be Treated Or Prevented?853 Words   |  4 Pagesyour immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers your nerves† (Mayo Clinic). The immune system is a defensive system that protects your body from diseases and illnesses such as parasites and bacteria (Science Museum). Not only does your immune system defend the human body but also the immune system can work against the body, which is known as autoimmune disease. Since the immune sy stem is working against your body to attack the myelin, this creates an opportunity for multipleRead MoreFighting Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis With Copaxone1262 Words   |  6 PagesFighting Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis with Copaxone Imagine a disease that has the potential to disrupt and ultimately destroy the human nervous system by attacking the myelin sheath. This is not a rare disease. In fact, it affects over 350,000 people in the United States alone (Nordqvist). The ratio of women to men that contract the disease is 2 to 1 and it is a leading cause of disability in young adults (Olek). This disease is not only widespread, it is chronic and has no known cause or cure.Read MoreThe Nervous System ( Cns ) Essay2025 Words   |  9 Pages The systems inside our body interact with each other in order for us to adapt to the changes inside and outside of our body. The human body is able to adjust and control the different organs, cells, and tissues by contacting the brain with electrical impulses which then goes onto adjust and reply to the signals to maintain the proper function of the body.

Culture and Health Learning by Doing

Question: Discuss about the Culture and Health for Learning by Doing. Answer: From the research paper of Professor Graham Gibbs published his Reflective Cycle in his book Learning by Doing. From the research works of this eminent professor it can be seen that this model is specifically useful for assisting people to learn from the situations that they experience regularly, particularly when these do not go well (Durey, 2010). Description In an assignment during my third year, when I was employed on a surgical quarter, I was under the direction of my adviser and was responsible for a fifty year old indigenous Australian. He had undergone an abdominal surgical procedure and I had been inquired to take away his injury bandage, so that the doctor could review it on the ward around. As I learnt, I dressed the wound using non-touch method and cleared the place as well. The surgeon in charge was about to come, as he was busy with some other patients and I saw that he came straight to this indigenous Australian patient without any precautions. The doctor did not wash his hands and used any alcohol gel before examining the wound and his full sleeve shirt could have contaminated the wounds (Eckermann et al., 2010). Feelings At this incident, I felt frightened, as I felt that the doctor of medicine was more knowledgeable than me and thus I said nothing to him. Moreover, I did not wish for the indigenous Australian patient to be worried by facing up to the doctor in front of him. After that, I talked with my mentor regarding this and approached the doctor regarding this incident. The doctor was highly shocked at this incident and said that he was too busy with his responsibilities in the hospital. However, my mentor talked about the importance of hand washing for the betterment of this indigenous Australian patients conditions (Freemantle et al., 2007). Figure 1: Gibbs Cycle (Source: Graham, 2008) Evaluation This particular occurrence was highly demanding for me and I lament that I did not take action to confront the practice of the doctor before examining the tolerant. Nevertheless, it is required to mention that I was satisfied that the medical doctor responded absolutely to the criticism of my counselor and promised to make the necessary changes in his practice. From this occurrence, I leant the significance of acting forcefully with the contemporaries, in a responsive method, in order to safeguard happiness of the patients (Graham, 2008). Analysis I have learnt that hand sanitation is the single most significant commotion that reduces cross-infection and points out that numerous health experts do not cleanse their hands as often they be supposed to. From the recent data published by Department of Health (2011), it can be seen that there is a strong opportunity of staff broadcasting contagions through uniforms, and necessitate to appraise strategies on the dress of the employees. I have leant that being a doctor; one must minimize the risk to the patients and patrons (Taylor, 2010). Conclusion After reviewing this occurrence, I have understood that I should have acted earlier and at the same time, the doctor should have cleaned his hands previous to examining the patient. I have found that my effective in the event could have put the patient in danger. After conversation with my mentor, I identified that I need to develop the confidence to challenge the practice of the colleagues, putting the happiness of clients at the front position of my mind (Taylor, 2010). Action plan In near potential, I would build up my self-confident abilities at the time of working with my colleagues to make sure that the happiness of the patients is preserved. In my subsequent assignment, I would make this an objective for my erudition and would converse this with my mentor to work out the approaches for how I can successfully attain this (Eckermann et al., 2010). References Durey, A., (2010), Reducing racism in Aboriginal health care in Australia: where does cultural education fit? . Australian and New Zealand journal of public health Vol. 34 pp S87S92 Eckermann, A-K., Dowd, T., Chong, E., Nixon, L., Gray, R, and Johnson, S. (2010) (3rd Ed) Binan Goonj: Bridging Culture in Aboriginal Health, Chatswood, NSW: Elsevier. Freemantle, J., Officer, K., McAullay, D. Anderson, I. (2007), Australian Indigenous HealthWithin an International Context, Cooperative Research Centre for Aboriginal Health, Darwin Graham, M. (2008). Some Thoughts about the Philosophical Underpinnings of Aboriginal Worldviews, AustralianHumanitiesReview,Issue 45,pp181-194 Taylor, K. (2010). Indigenous health in a global context. In K.Taylor P. Guerin. (Eds.), Health Care and Indigenous Australians (pp.156-170). South Yarra, Vic: Palgrave MacMillan.

Capital Gains and Personal Home Tax

Question: Discuss about the Capital Gains and Personal Home Tax. Answer: The proceeds received by Dave from sale of his residence at St Lucia is fully exempted from capital gains tax because as per ATO proceeds from a sale of personal home are fully exempted if the individual has been living it for the duration for which he/she has owned the property and the property hasnt been generating any assessable income. The proceeds received from the forfeiture by a buyer is also application for exemption under capital gains as it is falls under the capital proceeds from the disposal of the asset which was exempted due to it being the main residence of the tax payer. Due to the conditions given by ATO, therefore the forfeiture amount by the buyer is also exempt under capital gains. The painting is not eligible for exemption as neither was it purchased under $500 nor was it acquired before 16th September,1995 hence the net capital gains are taxable. So the net gains of 110,000 are to be taxed under capital gains tax. The figure of 110,000 dollars is the selling price less the acquiring price which are 15,000 and 125,000 respectively. The taxable amount can be arrived at using the two methods available i.e. the indexing method or the discount method subject to the method that yields the lowest value. Since the asset has been held for more than a year it is eligible for discount. Since the asset was acquired before September,1999 he can apply the indexation method to calculate the discount. The indexation factor is given by CPI in which the sale was made divided by the CPI for the quarter in which the initial investment was made. CPI values were obtained from the website of ATO to calculate the indexation factor as 2.7. Hence the cost of the painting would be incr eased by that factor to get the capital gain. Hence now capital gain would be 84,500 as the cost for calculating capital gain would be 40,500 dollars which is 15,000 multiplied by the indexing factor. But the discount factor gives a better result as under the discount method the capital gains are discounted by 50% hence under this method capital gains would be 55,000 dollars which is the net gains of 110,000 discounted by 50%. Since the discount method gives the better result which in this case is the lower value we would use this method to calculate the capital gain at 55,000 dollars. The capital loss on the boat boat which was purchased in 2004 would be calculated using the other method which would give the highest possible result of 50,000 dollars. The amount is obtained by subtracting the sale price of 60,000 dollars from the acquisition cost of 110,000 dollars. For the capital gain tax on the shares, other method will be used. The cost base would include the cost piece of shares and also the brokerage paid on the shares and the stamp duty. Hence total cost would be 71,000 dollars and since the shares were sold for 80,000 dollars the total capital gain is 9000 dollars. Its explicitly mentioned that the interest charges are not to be included in the cost base. Hence, the net capital gain from sale of painting and shares is 64,000 dollars Net capital loss from sale of boat is 50,000 dollars Hence net capital gain of 14,000 dollars for Dave for the current year. Since Dave has had a net capital gain of 14,000 dollars he can use this to deduct the net capital loss carried forward from the previous year which amounts to 50,000 dollars. His net capital loss would now stand at 36,000 dollars as the capital gain this year would be deducted from the carried forward capital gain loss. If Dave has a net capital loss it would be added to the capital gain loss carried forward from last year. Hence now his total capital loss would stand at 50,000 dollars and the additional capital loss incurred this year Capital loss cannot be used to offset the tax liability and would be carried forward and can be used to deduct it against capital gains in the coming years. To evaluate the fringe benefit arising from the use of a car, the first step is the employer calculating the taxable value of the benefit which can be done either of the below mentioned methods as per ATO. The statutory formula method which uses the cars cost price to calculate the tax liability The operating cost method which uses the quantum of cars running or operations to calculate the tax liability. The method of choice would be one which yields the lowest taxable value, rather than being dependent on the method used in the previous year. However, if the required documentation for the operating cost method (for example, log books) have not been kept then the statutory formula method must be used. The operating cost method requires the company to maintain a log book which specifics the usage of car in terms of business and non-business use. Since this has not been maintained the statutory method of valuation would be used to evaluate the taxable value of the fringe benefit arising from the use of the car. Under the statutory formula method, the steps involved are estimating the cost of the car, estimating the statutory rate and determining the number of days the car was used for private purpose. The taxable value is then given by A*B*C/365 where A is the base value of the car, B is the statutory rate and C is the number of days in use of the car in a given assessment year. The base value of a car is: The cost price of the car including which doesnt include registration and duty expenses, Charges incurred on the delivery Some standard accessories The cost price included the GST(Gross Service Tax) component. The statutory rate for calculating the fringe benefits tax would be 20% since ATO prescribes a flat tax rate of 20% for calculating the benefit provided if kilometres travelled are less than 15,000 kilometres. In fact, for any benefits provided after 2011 the tax structure is a flat rate of 20%. The car was available for the private use of Emma for 336 days. During the 11-month period or the 336-day period from 1st may to 31st March no days would be deducted in determining the number of days of usage of car as ATO clearly lists that annual maintenances are to be listed as days when it is available for use and whenever it is garaged at the employees house would also be not deducted, in this case when Emma was interstate would not be deducted, Keeping the above factors in consideration the tax liability would be calculated at 20% of the cost price of the car which is 33,000 and it would be factored by 336/365. Hence 6075 is the taxable value. A company is said to provide a loan fringe benefit if it extends to its employee a loan and charges no interest or a low rate of interest. Any interest rate lower than the prescribed or the benchmark interest rate qualifies as a loan fringe benefit. Thebenchmark interest ratefor the Fringe Benefit Tax for the assessment year ending March 31,2015 is given as 5.95% by ATO. Hence for the given scenario since the loan is provided by periwinkle to Emma at 4.5% it is a loan fringe benefit. The taxable value of a loan fringe benefit is the difference between: the interest that would have arisen on the amount extended as loan during the Fringe Benefit Taxable year had the benchmark rate been applicable, and the interest which the company charges the employee on the reduced rate of interest Since Emma uses the loan for purchase of a holiday home and for lending it to her husband the entire amount is to be taken into consideration. For the given scenario the taxable value of the loan fringe benefit is the difference between the two amounts 29,750 dollars and 22,500 dollars which is 7,250 dollars. While the former is the rate of interest charged by the company to Emma, the latter is the interest to be paid in accordance with the statutory rate in 2015. There is no specific information regarding cheap sale of its own products to its employees and neither is it under any exempt category but since the price Emma paid for it is anyways more than the manufacturing cost we exclude it from our scope of taking out the fringe benefits provided to Emma. Hence the total taxable value of the fringe benefits is the loan fringe befit of 7,250 dollars and the car fringe benefit of 6,075 dollars which is a total of 13,325 dollars. Hence the total fringe tax liability would be 6262.75 dollars as the fringe benefit tax is 47%. Had the 50,000 been used by Emma herself instead of being lent to the husband to buy the shares it would be eligible for deduction. ATO prescribes that the taxable value of a loan fringe benefit may be reduced in accordance with the 'otherwise deductible' rule, subject to the constraint hat the investment is made by the employee himself or herself rather than an associate which was the case in first place. Putting it simply it implies that the taxable value would be reduced to the extent to which interest payable on the loan is, or would be, allowable as an income tax deduction to the employee. We look at an example to understand the implications better. Supposing an employee uses a loan from his/her company wholly to invest in interest bearing financial instruments, then the interest that he would have to pay the company is deductible fully for tax purposes. Hence what the mentioned scenario implied is that under this rule the taxable value of the fringe benefit provided would be ze ro, irrespective of the rate of interest charged by the company on the loan. Therefore, where the otherwise deductible rule applies, the taxable value of a loan fringe benefit is: The interest accrued on the principal during the fringe benefit taxable year at the benchmark rate of interest, less by The interest arising at the lowered rate of interest, less The otherwise deductible amount. Hence for the given scenario the taxable amount under loan fringe benefit would be reduced by the differential interest paid on 50,000 dollars. This would mean that the loan fringe benefit would now be 6525 dollars instead of 7250 dollars and the total taxable amount under fringe benefit tax would be 12,600 dollars. References ATO, 2016. Capital Gains Tax. [Online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/ ATO, 2016. Fringe benefits tax. [Online]Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Fringe-benefits-tax-(FBT)/